Bibliography

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Adjoint analysis of the 2007 all time Arctic sea-ice minimum
Geophysical Research Letters 36(L03707).

Gerdes, R, Karcher, M, Koeberle, C, and Fieg, K (2008).
Simulating the long term variability of liquid freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean
In: Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by B. Dickson, J. Meincke and P. Rhines. Springer, chapter 17, pages 405-425.

Karcher, M, Gerdes, R, and Kauker, F (2008).
Long-term variability of Atlantic water inflow to the Northern Seas: insights from model experiments
In: Arctic-Subarctic Ocean Fluxes: Defining the role of the Northern Seas in Climate, edited by B. Dickson, J. Meincke and P. Rhines. Springer, chapter 5, pages 111-130.

Kauker, F, Koeberle, C, Gerdes, R, and Karcher, M (2008).
Modeling the 20th century Arctic Ocean/Sea ice system: Reconstruction of surface forcing
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 113(C9).

Dickson, RR, Rudels, B, Dye, S, Karcher, M, Meincke, J, and Yashayaev, I (2007).
Current Estimates of Freshwater Flux through Arctic & Subarctic seas
Progress in Oceanography 73(3/4):210-230.

Dorn, W, Dethloff, K, Rinke, A, Frickenhaus, S, Gerdes, R, Karcher, M, and Kauker, F (2007).
Sensitivities and uncertainties in a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean-ice model with respect to the simulation of Arctic sea ice
Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 112(D10).

Haekkinen, S, Dupont, F, Karcher, M, Kauker, F, Worthen, D, and Zhang, J (2007).
Model simulation of Greenland Sea upper-ocean variability
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 112(C6).

Holloway, G, Dupont, F, Golubeva, E, Haekkinen, S, Hunke, E, Jin, M, Karcher, M, Kauker, F, Maltrud, M, Maqueda, MA, Maslowski, W, Platov, G, Stark, D, Steele, M, Suzuki, T, Wang, J, and Zhang, J (2007).
Water properties and circulation in Arctic Ocean models
Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans 112(C4).

Karcher, MJ, Kauker, F, Gerdes, R, Hunke, E, and Zhang, J (2007).
On the Dynamics of Atlantic Water circulation in the Arctic - results from AOMIP
J. Geophys. Res. 112(C04S02).

Knorr, W, Bobron, N, Scholze, M, Kaminski, T, Schnur, R, and Pinty, B (2007).
The impact of terrestrial biosphere carbon exchanges on the anomalous CO2 increase in 2002 - 2003
Geophysical Research Letters 34.

Richter-Menge, J, Overland, J, Proshutinsky, A, Romanowsky, V, Gascard, J, Karcher, M, Maslanik, J, Perovich, D, Shiklomanov, A, and Waller, D (2006).
The Poles - Arctic
in: State of the Climate 2005, K.A.Shein (Ed.),NOAA/NESDIS/NCDC & American Meteorological Society, June 2006, 102 pp.:46-52.

Dowdall, M, Gerland, S, Karcher, M, Gwynn, JP, Rudjord, AL, and Olstad, AK (2005).
Optimization of sampling for the temporal monitoring of Technetium-99 in the Arctic marine environment
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 84(1):111-130.

Gerdes, R, Drange, H, Gao, Y, Karcher, MJ, Kauker, F, and Bentsen, M (2005).
Ocean General Circulation Modelling of the Nordic Seas
American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC (in: The Nordic Seas: An Integrated Perspective, Drange, Dokken, Furevik, Gerdes and Berger (Eds.), AGU Monograph edition).

Gerdes, R, Hurka, J, Karcher, M, Kauker, F, and Köberle, C (2005).
Simulated history of convection in the Greenland and Labrador seas 1948-2001
In: Climate Variability of the Nordic Seas. Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway.

Harms, IH, and Karcher, MJ (2005).
Kara Sea freshwater dispersion and export in the late 1990s
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Karcher, M, Gerdes, R, Kauker, F, Köberle, C, and Yashayaev, I (2005).
Arctic Ocean change heralds North Atlantic freshening
Geophys. Res. Lett. 32(L21606).

Karcher, MJ, Gerdes, R, Kauker, F, Köberle, C, and Yashayaev, I (2005).
Arctic Ocean change heralds North Atlantic freshening
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Kauker, F, Gerdes, R, Karcher, M, and Köberle, C (2005).
Impact of North Atlantic Current changes on the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean
Journal of geophysical research 110(C12002).

Polyakov, IV, Beszczynska, A, Carmack, EC, Dmitrenko, IA, Fahrbach, E, Frolov, IE, Gerdes, R, Hansen, E, Holfort, J, Johnson, VV, Karcher, M, Kauker, F, Morison, J, Orvik, KA, Schauer, U, Skagseth, HL, Sokolov, VT, Steele, M, Timokhov, LA, Walsh, D, and Walsh, JE (2005).
One more step toward a warmer Arctic
Geophys. Res. Lett. 32(L17605).

Simstich, J, Harms, I, Karcher, MJ, Erlenkeuser, H, Stanovoy, V, Kodina, L, Bauch, D, and Spielhagen, RF (2005).
Recent freshening in the Kara Sea (Siberia) recorded by stable isotopes in Arctic bivalve shells
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Goose, H, Gerdes, R, Kauker, F, and Köberle, C (2004).
On the causes of sea-ice volume variations during the period 1955-1997
J. Climate 17(3):1294-1305.

Karcher, MJ, Gerland, S, Harms, IH, Iosjpe, M, Heldal, HE, Kershaw, PJ, and Sickel, M (2004).
The dispersion of Technetium-99 in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean: a comparison of model results and observations
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 74(1-3):185-198.

Gerdes, R, Karcher, MJ, Kauker, F, and Schauer, U (2003).
Causes and development of repeated Arctic Ocean warming events
Geophys. Res. Lett. 30(19).

Gerland, S, Lind, B, Dowdall, M, and Kolstad, MK (2003).
Technetium-99 in seawater in the West Spitsbergen Current and adjacent areas
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 69(1-2):119-127.

Harms, I, Harms, IH, Karcher, MJ, and Burchard, H (2003).
The use of hydrodynamic circulation models for simulating oceanic dispersion of radioactivity
In: Modelling Radioactivity in the Environment, edited by M.Scott. Elsevier, chapter 3, pages 55-86.